SAXS

1.The interaction between X-rays and matter Figure 1 The interaction between X-rays and matter According to X-ray theory, the incident X-rays mainly interact with electrons of the atoms in a material. The main forms of the interaction between X-ray and matter include absorption (producing fluorescence, which mainly occurs near the absorption edge), transmission, and scattering, as shown in Figure 1. The scattering is divided into inelastic scattering (wavelength change, outer electron interaction) and elastic scattering (the wavelength does not change, the inner layer binds electrons). The elastic X-rays scattered by different electrons have a coherent effect owing to the spatial density distribution. Therefore, the electron density distribution in the materials can be analyzed according to the spatial distribution of the...